work, one may observe that he ignored them. Their absence in Acts does not prove the literary ignorance of the author, but rather signals that within the traditional milieu to which he belonged, the letters did not control the memory of the apostle. To insist that an ‘authentic’ knowledge of Paul is mediated exclusively through his letters, while at the same time blatantly ignoring the traces of his actions left in history, is a prejudice which dates back to the Enlightenment. E. J. Goodspeed, in